Cancer test depend on the type of cancer but some of the common test for cancer are as follows:

Physical exam

Imaging - used to see the tumor or its related damage.

• CT
• MRI
• X-rays
• Ultrasonography
• Radionuclide scanning

Biopsy

• Needle Biopsy
• Surgical Biopsy

Pathology tests - this is the analysis of biopsy tissue.

Laboratory Tests
Doctor gets the important information from blood and urine test.

Imaging
Picture of our internal organs helps the doctor to see that whether a tumor is present. Doctor can take the picture of our internal organs in following ways:

• X-Rays: One of the most common ways to see the internal organs of our body is X-Rays.
• Radionuclide Scanning: In this test doctor give a radioactive substance to patient through the injection or give to swallows. A special type of scanner machine measures radioactivity level and take a picture. Radioactive substance eliminated from body after the test is done.
• Ultrasonography: This is another technology to see the internal organs of our body. In this test doctor send high frequency sound waves into the patient body that bounce back. Echoes of these sound waves draw a picture called sonogram. This picture can be seen on the monitor or can be printed on paper.
• In MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) powerful magnet linked to a computer to draw a detail picture of areas.

Biopsy:
Biopsy is one of the most common tests for cancer patients. In this test doctor remove some tissue from patient's body and examine under the microscope. Doctor uses any one from following three ways to remove the tissue from patient’s body:

• Endoscopy: In this test doctor use a thin, lighted tube to see the inside the patient's body and take the picture and remove the cells for examination.
• Needle Biopsy: In this test doctor remove tissue from suspicious area through needle for examination.
• Surgical Biopsy: There are two types of surgical biopsy:
• Excisional: In this test doctor remove the entire tumor with surrounding healthy tissue. 
• Incisional: In this test doctor remove the some portion of tumor for examination. If cancerous cells are found then doctor remove it.

Staging: After diagnosis of cancer doctor will want to know the stage of cancer and how cancer has spread and if, to which organ of the body. Doctor may order for some more test for know the stage of cancer.